EV battery systems operate under demanding electrical, thermal, mechanical, and environmental conditions. Current collectors, connectors, busbars, housings, cooling systems, and lead tabs must maintain conductivity, corrosion resistance, adhesion, thermal stability, and long-term reliability throughout the battery's service life.

As EV battery architectures evolve toward higher voltages, faster charging, lightweight construction, and extended service life, engineered surfaces increasingly become critical performance enablers.